Home>1-MCP--one kind of new agricultural product antistaling agent >the mango after picks biology and storage transportation maintains research  headway 芒果采后生物学及贮运保鲜技术研究进展


  

the mango after picks biology and storage transportation maintains research  headway

Author: SuXiaojun, JiangYueming,YuXin, Heshenggen
(1.Chinese Science Academy South China Botany Research Institute,Guangdong Guangzhou,
510650,
2.Zhonghai agricultural technology institute food department,
Guangdong Guangzhou,510225,
3.
Zhonghai agricultural technology institute agricultural department,Guangdong Guangzhou,510225)

    
Abstract: Mango is the breath jump fruit,After picks rapidly additional ripening,6-8d then appears the ethylene peak,afterwards appears anthrax, peduncle spoiled sickness gradually,the fruit bears stores and disease-resistant capability remarkable drop,The mango storage and transportation maintains freshness technology mainly to lie in the control fruit additional ripening advancement and rotten occurrence,narrated and commented the recent years mango after pick physiologyplant disease and the storage and transportation maintains freshness technology aspect and so on research progress,has forecast the new research direction,And proposed the application prospect of ethylene acceptor inhibitor on picks after the mango stores and transports maintains freshness.

    The mango fruit has skin color and flesh color bright,artistic,,pulp tenderly slides, flavor good and fragrance is thick and so on the characteristic,moreover the fruit nutritional value very is also high, specially the Vitamin A content far is higher than other fruits, vitamin B1, B2 and Vitamin C content is not inferior to tropics fruit and so on sweet orange, pineapple,but the sugar content all reaches generally 15%-19%,thus  the domestic and foreign consumers' welcome doubly.Because after the mango picks metabolism exuberant,the fruit easy additional ripening to change yellow, changes softly,and the mango is easy to suffer the microorganism to violation infection in the growth process,thus created to lose greatly in the circulation process,seriously has limited the mango production development,therefore, understood the mango after picked biology characteristic and grasps the effective storage and transportation maintain freshness technology, is the key to realiza after pick the mango upgrading,commercialization,standardization and enhances the economic efficiency.

 

    

 


 
  325乙烯吸收剂 可除去贮藏环境中的乙烯作用,从而延缓产品的后熟过程,采用乙烯吸收剂能有效地延缓芒果果实的采后后熟,延长货架寿命和维持果实较好品质,高锰酸钾作为一种乙烯吸收剂已在商业上广泛使用。不过,对高锰酸钾携带剂要求要求具有较大的吸收面积。目前比较常用的有哇藻土、蛭石、硅胶、矾土粒、珍珠砂及膨体玻璃。现阶段乙烯吸收剂可分为4类:(1)以活性炭及多孔矿物质为主要材为瓣吸附型;(2)利用天然沸石等材料吸附KmmO4以分解除去乙烯的分解型;(3)溴化钾在粒状活性炭内与稀酸反庆除去乙烯的附加反应型;(4)利用微生物方法除去乙烯的生物型。
 
  326乙烯受体抑制剂 乙烯参与跃变型果实的后熟,实践经验表明控制乙烯的活动对调控果实后熟,延长果实采后寿命是一个有效的手段。早期研究证乙烯是通过与植物体内特异受体相结合而起作用,乙烯受体抑制可逆可不可逆地与受体结合,从而抑制乙烯-受体复合物的正常形成,阻断乙烯诱导的信号转导或传递,Ag+AgNO3STS)和25-NBD为乙烯受体抑制剂,但由于其毒性而不宜在采后果蔬上应用。1-甲基环丙烯(简称1-MCP)为近年发现的一种新型乙烯受体抑制剂。它能不可逆地作用于乙烯受体,从而阻断乙烯的正常结合,抑制其所诱导的与果蔬后熟、切花衰老相关的一系列生理生化反应。
 
  与传统的乙烯抑制剂(如AVGSTS)相比,1-MCP具有无毒、用量低、高效等优点,它不但能强烈地阻断内源乙烯的生理效应,而且还能抑制外源乙烯对内源乙烯的诱导作用。此外,由于1-MCP对乙烯受体的结合是不可逆的,在植物组织未产生新的受体(或结合位点)之前,其作用效果比较持久,因而在采后芒果保鲜上具有极大的应用前景。
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、芒果采后生理及贮运保鲜技术研究展望
 
  芒果采后生物学研究的目的主要在于为减少果实采后损失和延长果实货架寿命提供理论依据和可能的技术途径。近年来,随着分子生物学和生物工程技术的研究进展,为研究果实采后生物学提供了新的技术方法和手段。目前这方面最突出的工作就是对果实后熟基因技术的研究,即利用生物工程手段,找出控制果实后熟的基因型加以利用。有关芒果这方面的研究已取得了一定进展,并获得了一些成熟相关基因,如PTHMF1pNY602pNY507,目前,较先进的芒果贮运保鲜方法为气调贮藏。但气调贮藏投资大、花费昂贵,这对于发展中国家,尤其是我国还不宜大量发展。国内目前主要采用低温结合气调包装对芒果进行贮藏保鲜,但效果不是很理想。这就迫切要求研究者寻找新的经济可行的保鲜技术。近年来发现一些乙烯受体抑制剂(如1-MCP)能有效地抑制跃变型果实,如香蕉、西红柿等的后熟,并且在一定的浓度范围内不会对有机体产生毒害作用。此外,整个操作过程安全、简单方便,所需费用也不高。目前关于芒果1-MCP处理技术尚无资料报道,但可预见,一旦1-MCP在延缓芒果后熟上应用取得成功,将会带来显著的经济效益。