|
This plan bases its ideas on the opportunities and
challenges brought about with China’s entry into WTO and economic
globalization, and on the analysis of the development experience and
trend of domestic and foreign flower industries. In view of the
preponderance and problems with the development of Yunnan’s flower
industry, it puts forward development ideas, targets, priorities, and
regional layouts for Yunnan’s flower industry in three periods, namely
short term (by 2007), mid term(by 2010), and long term(by 2020), and
countermeasures to meet the targets. This planning is a new mid and long
term planning following the “Ninth Five-Year” and the “Tenth Five-Year”
Development Planning for flower industry of Yunnan Province. It is a
guiding document aiming to promote industrial upgrading and realize a
long- range, steady, and healthy development for Yunnan’s flower
industry.
Ⅰ.Present Condition of Yunnan’s Flower Industry and Factors in Favor
of Its Further Development
1.Present condition of the industry
A. The flower industry has been of certain scale. In 2002, the flower
planting area in the whole province was 7,864.7 hectares and the flower
industry fulfilled a total output value of 3.41 billion RMB yuan
(equivalent to 0.41 billion US dollars) and earned an export income of
18 million US dollars. The planting area of the fresh-cut flowers
(leaves) was 4,000 hectares, accounting for 51% of the total planting
area and yielding some 2.334 billion branches of fresh-cut flowers. The
planting area of dry flowers was 254.3 hectares and some 3.623 million
branches of dry flowers were sold. The planting area of potted flowers,
potted landscapes, and potted plants was 344.4 hectares with an output
of 9.548 mil lion pots. The planting area of nursery stock was 121.5
hectares, yielding some 14.16 million nursery grown plants. The lawn
area was 970 hectares and that of edible flowers, medicinal flowers, and
flowers for industrial use was 2,589.3 hectares with an output of
3,211.2 tons.
B. Yunnan leads fresh-cut flower production in China. Yunnan has
ranked first in the whole country for successive nine years in planting
area and output of the fresh-cut flowers, which account for 22% and 26%
of the total amount respectively. The fresh-cut flower products of
Yunnan take up about 50% of the share in major consumer markets of
China.
C. The regional layout begins to take shape. There have come into
being several production areas of the temperate fresh-cut flowers mainly
around Kunming and Yuxi in central Yunnan Province, several production
areas of the tropical fresh-cut flowers, tropical orchid, and indoor
foliage plants mainly around Jinghong and Yuanjiang in south Yunnan
Province, several breeding and production areas of flowering bulb seed
balls mainly around Lijiang and Shangri-La in northwest Yunnan Province,
and several production areas of nursery-grown garden plants mainly in
Honghe, Wenshan, and Simao.
D. The occupancy in domestic markets and the export volume increase
rapidly. About 80% of the fresh-cut flowers produced in Yunnan are sold
to over 70 large and middle-sized cities in the whole country, about 10%
to 15% of the flower products are exported to Japan, Singapore, and
South Korea, and Taiwan and Hong Kong of China, some products are even
sold to Europe and Australia.
E. The enterprise structure and function become more and more
complete. The business scopes of the 365 flower enterprises in the whole
province cover planting, processing, marketing, gardening facilities,
and gardening equipment engineering.
F. The establishment and operation of Kunming International Flower
Auction Market and Yunnan Flower Logistic Center have effectively
improved the trading and circulation, and laid good foundation for
perfecting marketing system based in production area.
2.Major backwardness and problems with the development of the flower
industry
A. The flower industry is of low industrialization standard and small
production scale. There has been no radical turn into specialized,
standardized, and intensive production and operation with proper scale.
B. There is low scientific and technological standard and lacks
powerful scientific and technological supporting system. The flower
farmers have received only low standard professional education and
insufficient professional training.
C. The marketing system is by no means sound. There is no unified
brand and the trading cost is high due to low market growth degree and
existence of multiple competitions.
D. The internal industrial structure is far from rational. The
temperate fresh-cut flowers outshine other varieties. The breeding and
production of the tropical fresh-cut flowers and the cold and cool
flowering bulb seed balls are under slow development. The foliage plants
make up only small proportion of the total volume of the fresh-cut
flowers. The deep processing of flower products and development of other
supporting industries lag behind.
3.Factors in favor of the industry’s further development A. Conditions
for quickened development have been mature.
The commencement of the early harvest plan of China ASEAN Free Trade
Zone focusing on zero tariffs and China’s entry into WTO provide
Yunnan’s flower industry with a broad development space. Yunnan’s flower
industry will directly face the whole world, especially the regional
grand international market with a population of 1.7 billion, a total GDP
of more than 2,000 billion US dollars, and a total trade volume of 1,300
billion US dollars.
The implementation of the West Development Strategy, construction of
ecological environment, and quickened urbanization offer a good
opportunity to flower industry development.
With the guidance and support of governments at all levels, Yunnan’s
flower industry develops steadily in production scale and benefit and
has been of the foundation for overall upgraded development.
The ever-increasing consumption demand has become a driving force for
flower industry’s development. The flower consumer market shows
high-speed expansion. In recent years, the flower consumption in the
world increases by an annual rate of 10% and the domestic flower
consumption also grows by over 16%.
The international flower production transfers from the developed
countries as the traditional production areas to the developing
countries, which are of more superior climate conditions, richer
resources, and cheaper labors. Such transfer brings an important
strategic opportunity to development of Yunnan’s flower industry.
B. The possession of superior resources lays a good foundation for
further development.
a. Climate resources. Most areas in Yunnan suffer from neither bitter
winter nor hot summer. On the contrary, they are of mild climate,
sufficient sunshine, plentiful rainfall, and free of extreme disastrous
weather. Kunming and its neighboring districts in central Yunnan enjoy a
spring-like weather in four seasons, being quite beneficial to
all-the-year-round planting and balanced production of the fresh-cut
flowers. It is a rare area in China that is most suitable for producing
fresh-cut flowers.
b. Land resources. The per capita land and cultivated field of Yunnan
are higher than the average of the whole country. The fields in basin
areas that are suitable for planting flowers are of fertile soil in
different types and of low land rent.
c. Labor resources. There is sufficient labor force with low daily
cost.
d. Germ plasm resources. With complete mountain vertical climate band
and complex and changeable environment, Yunnan takes up only 4% of the
total area of the country but possesses over 16,000 varieties of higher
plants, including over 2,500 varieties of flowers of high ornamental
value belonging to 110 families and about 490 genera.
C. The broad flower consumer market brings about favorable commercial
opportunity. International markets: International markets demand mainly
fresh-cut flowers. There are three major flower consumption centers in
Europe, America, and Japan and the per capita consumption shows the
trend of increase. The flower industry of Yunnan, so long as it can
produce counter-season flowers and flowers of local characteristics of
Yunnan with high quality and low cost, will be able to make its way into
the markets in Europe, America, Japan, and Australia. Hong Kong of China
and Singapore are not only the flower consumer markets, but also the
enter-ports of flower export. Although Japan, South Korea, Thailand, and
Malaysia are flower producers, Yunnan can make complementary trade with
them due to several factors such as weather discrepancy and adjustment
of industrial structure. Domestic market: China is the flower consumer
market with the greatest potentials in the world. At present, its flower
consumption is turning from the group consumption and holiday
consumption to household consumption. According to the relevant
estimation, the domestic flower consumption of China will increase by
30% during the coming five years.
Ⅱ.Development Ideas and Targets of Yunnan’s Flower Industry 4.Guiding
thoughts Closely stick to the main idea of industrial upgrading, build
flower industry into one that enriches the people and one with Yunnan’s
characteristics that exerts great influence on economic and social
development of the province and into a new industry that brings about
economic growth.
5.Development ideas - Seek guidance from market demand, give full play
to resources and regional superiorities, allocate resources in a
reasonable way, make efficient use of domestic and international
markets, build up an open-style internationalized flower industry. -
Seek support from scientific and technological innovation, combine
import with research and development, strengthen market competitiveness
by upgrading product quality and standard of post-harvest processing
technology in an all-round way. - Set up the concept of modern flower
industry, lay stress on fresh-cut flowers (leaves and branches), widen
and extend industrial chain continuously, build flower industry into a
great modern industry with complete functions, including production of
fresh and dry flowers, deep processing of flowers, flower seed
production, cultivation of nursery stock and ornamental plants, package,
preservation, processing, storage, and transport of flowers, material
flow distribution, gardening apparatus, horticultural facilities,
specialized materials(base material, flower fertilizer, anther),
scientific research and education, technical popularization service, and
marketing. - Optimize regional layout and form superiority of regional
industry in accordance with the natural and economic laws. - Deepen
reform and innovate mechanism, develop in a specialized, large-sized,
intensive, industrialized, and export-oriented way.
6.Development principles Adhere to the principle of open-style
development, principle of market guidance, principle of giving full play
to regional superiority, principle of developing flower industry on
scientific and technological advance, principle of laying equal stress
on import and innovation, and principle of giving priority to benefit.
7.Development targets
A. Overall targets: Build up a flower industry system with distinct
superiority, outstanding characteristics, complete functions, and
efficient operation within about 20 years, build Yunnan’s flower
industry into a new characteristic industry that promotes economic
growth of the province and promotes increase of farmers’ income and
rural well-off construction, build Yunnan into Asia’s largest fresh-cut
flower production and export base and sprout breeding and production
base, and into one o f the major fresh-cut flower production areas in
the world and a modern flower trading center that is leading in China,
advanced in Asian, and acknowledged in the world.
B. Phase targets: Short term: By 2007, the flower planting area in
Yunnan will be 14,000 hectares and the total output value of the flower
industry of Yunnan will reach seven billion RMB yuan, accounting for
about 12.1% of the total amount of the country. Taking the figure of
2002 into consideration, the annual increase will be 15.5%. The planting
area of the fresh-cut flowers (leaves) will be 8,000 hectares, yielding
some 4.5 billion branches of the fresh-cut flowers. The sales volume of
the fresh-cut flowers will be 3 billion RMB yuan, increasing averagely
by 22% annually. The production value in unit has reached 375,000 Yuan
per hectare, which increased by 35% compared with year of 2002. The
products are sold mainly in domestic market and the rate of export
reaches about 20%, earning some 50 million US dollars from export. The
province will produce 50 million seed balls, 210 million sprouts, 30
million pots of potted flowers and potted ornamental plants, 30 million
nursery stock, and 10,000 tons of edible flowers, medicinal flowers, and
flowers for industrial use annually. The flower industry will offer
540,000 employment posts to the society, bring along some relevant
industries with a total output value of 1.2 billion RMB yuan, and make
30,000 rural households lead a well-off life. The province will build up
several service systems, including the scientific and technological
supporting service system, flower quality standard system, flower
production and operation information network, marketing network system,
and socialized service system for flower industry. Mid term: By 2010,
the flower planting area in Yunnan will be 18,000 hectares. The total
output value of the flower industry of Yunnan will reach nine billion
RMB yuan, accounting for about 12.9% of the total amount of the country
and increasing averagely by 8.7% annually. The planting area of the
fresh-cut flowers (leaves) will be 10,000 hectares, yielding some 5.7
billion branches of the fresh-cut flowers. The sales volume of the
fresh-cut flowers will be 4.5 billion RMB yuan and the rate of export
reaches 30%, earning some 100 million US dollar s from export. The
production value in unit will be 450,000 RMB Yuan and with an increase
rate of 20% compared with year of 2007, followed with an export rate of
25%. The province will produce 300 million seed balls, 450 million
sprouts, an d 15,000 tons of edible flowers, medicinal flowers, and
flowers for industrial use annually. The flower industry will offer
500,000 employment posts to the society, bring along some relevant
industries with a total output value of two billion RMB yuan, and
promote the progress of 20,000 rural households on their way to well-off
life. The province will basically build up and perfect the scientific
and technological supporting service system, build up the flower
industry information network system, advance information construction,
build up and perfect material flow network system, realize effective
resources allocation, and optimize product structure and regional
layout. Its flower industry will enforce the large-sized, intensive, and
industrialized development strategy and enhance market competitiveness.
Long term: By 2020, the total output value of the flower industry of the
province will reach over 20 billion RMB yuan, accounting for 20% of the
amount of the country. Yunnan will become the domestically advanced
fresh-cut flower production and export base that is of the largest scale
in Asia, with an export rate of 40%. The rate of export will reach 50%
and some 700 million US dollars of foreign exchange will be earned from
export. The output and quality of the seed balls and sprouts produced in
Yunnan rank first in Asia. The output value of the edible flowers,
medicinal flowers, and flowers for industrial use, and their deep
processing products will reach eight billion RMB yuan. Those flower
products will become another backbone after the fresh-cut flowers. The
province will build up a modern flower trade center, a price and
information center, and a flower engineering technological research and
development center with relatively strong capacity. It will build up
several flower industry groups, realize mechanized and standardized
flower production, bring into being industrial information network, safe
and convenient storage and transportation, specialized social service,
and modernized marketing measures. The flower industry of the province
will be of the advanced level in the world.
C. Targets of environmental protection: The province will accentuate
ecological and green ideas and protect environment and wild flower
resources from being damaged. By 2020, it will basically spread or
realize the method of producing by media or outdoor growing, popularize
use of biological fertilizers, biological pesticides, and organic
fertilizers, make rational application of fertilizers and pesticides,
adopt clean energies and reduce energy consumption, and pay attention to
treatment and cyclic utilization of irrigation water and detoxifying
disposal of flower wastes. All the export-oriented products will be
granted MPS Product Quality Attestation. Ⅲ.Development Priorities and
Regional Layout of Flower Industry of Yunnan
8.Development priorities
A. Priorities in product development In developing flower industry,
Yunnan will lay stress on production of the fresh-cut flowers and attach
first importance to strengthening scientific and technological advance
and innovation of the major fresh-cut flowers. It will make great
efforts to develop flower seed production, establish and perfect
breeding system for flower seed balls, sprouts, and seeds and build up
the production and supply base of flowering bulb seed balls at the
national level. Another focus will be put on the cultivation and
development of markets and establishing corresponding and complete
marketing networks all over China. Yunnan will construct a logistic
system meeting with the international standard so as to promote the
greater production.
B. Priorities in scientific and technological research and development
a. Introduction and breeding of new varieties, b. Introduction and
research of breeding technologies for flowering bulb seed balls, c.
Protection, development, and utilization of wild flower resources, d.
Introduction and research of technologies on flowers’ post-harvest
processing, preservation, storage, package, and transport, e.
Introduction and research of key technologies on flower production, f.
Introduction and research of flower greenhouse facilities, equipment,
and base material production technologies.
C. Key construction projects a. Construction of the Yunnan Flower
Technological Engineering Research and Development Center, turning it
into the leading unit in flower breeding and modern flower
industrialized production. b. Model export base in central Yunnan
Province for high quality lily (1,000 hectares), monthly rose (2,000
hectares), and carnation (3,000 hectares). c. Construction of a domestic
breeding and production base for commercial flowering bulb seed balls
with a building scale of 650 hectares and an annual output of 100
million flower bulbs of various varieties. d. Construction of Yunnan
flower logistic network. e. Construction of Yunnan flower information
network system. f. Industrial development for the media production
friendly to environment. g. Construction of modern flower production
facilities and equipment. h. Construction of the Yunnan Flower
Culture Center. i. Construction of production base for edible flowers,
medicinal flowers, and flowers for industrial use, and refined and deep
processing project. 9.Regional layout
A. Temperature fresh-cut flower production district in central Yunnan
(Kunming, Yuxi, Qujing, and Chuxiong): Focus on the fresh-cut flowers,
and moderately develop potted flowers, potted landscapes, and potted
ornamental plants and temperate and subtropical nursery stock.
B. Flowering bulb and seed ball breeding district in northwest Yunnan
(Lijiang and Diqing): Flowering bulb breeding in Shangri’La County (for
tulip) and Gucheng District and Yulong County (for lily, common calla,
calamus, and short-tubelycoris), try to become the largest breeding base
and supply center in China for flowering bulb seedballs, collect, sort
out, domesticate, develop, and utilize the rich alpine wild flower
resources of the “Three Parallel Rivers” Nature Reserve in a planned and
step-by-step manner.
C. Local characteristic flower district in west Yunnan (Dali and
Baoshan): Focus on orchid, azalea, and camellia, set up resources
nursery with a view to protecting resources, realize commercialized and
industrialized production of local characteristic flowers by adopting
high-tech breeding measures and quick breeding technologies.
D. Tropical flower and foliage plant district in south Yunnan (Xishuangbanna,
Simao, Yuanjiang, Xinping, and Eshan): Focus on tropical fresh-cut
flowers, orchid, leaf-cut (branch-cut) plants and develop temperate
fresh-cut flower production in winter. For some areas, the ornamental
plants and nursery stock also should be developed.
E. District in southeast Yunnan (Honghe, Wenshan): Focus on foliage
plants, potted landscape, and nursery stock, and quicken construction of
production base and market for garden plants belonging to Magnoliaceae,
Lauraceae and Palmae families. In addition, the following places have
certain foundation and potentials in developing certain flowers and
plants: Kunming in planting dry flower materials, Luxi County in
planting pyrethrum for industrial use, Zhanyi County and Jianshui County
in planting the pigment flower of marigold, Honghe and Simao in planting
medicinal Erigeron breviscapus and dendrobe, and Yuanjiang in planting
jasmine for tea making. They should depend on their own superiorities
and quicken their development pace.
Ⅳ.Countermeasures for Development of Yunnan’s Flower Industry
10.Strengthen macro regulation and control and lay a good foundation for
upgraded development of flower industry Study, stipulate, and enforce
industrial policies, strengthen efforts in poverty alleviation, and
increase construction of basic facilities and facilities for public good
and scientific and technological investment, perfect policy and
regulation systems, establish and consummate early warning mechanism for
industries, and realize systematism and institutionalization for
supporting and protecting flower industry, strengthen publicity and
bring along consumption, organize the corresponding legislation system
and strengthen the industrial supervision and the execute of the law so
as to protect the benefits of breeders and legal users, strengthen macro
regulation and control, and promote the sustainable and healthy
development of flower industry.
11.Depend on scientific and technological innovation, and upgrade
scientific and technological standard of flower industry Set up and
consummate flower scientific and technological research, development,
popularization, and service system, promote integration of production
with academic research with enterprises as the main body, encourage
enterprises to set up their own scientific and technological research
and development organs, encourage scientific and technical personnel
from colleges, universities, and scientific research institutes, on the
premise of giving no harm to the interests of their home units, to
participate in enterprises’ flower scientific and technological advance
and innovation with their proprietary technologies and productive
elements such as sprout, and in turn to receive the corresponding
distribution from proceeds of technical development, strengthen
scientific and technological integration of flower industry, strengthen
research and brainstorm of key industrial technologies and common
technologies and strengthen popularization and application of the
advanced applicable technologies, prepare scientific and technological
development planning for flower industry of the province in accordance
with development trend of industrial technologies, establish and
consummate encouraging mechanism and protect intellectual property.
12.Strengthen marketing measures and promote entry of Yunnan’s flowers
into world markets Construct marketing platform for flower industry,
build up and support leading specialized enterprises and intermediary
service institutions, and carry out multi-level and multi-channel
marketing strategy, strengthen market network construction, strengthen
construction of “green passage” for flower marketing, improve trading
modes and upgrade trading standard.
13.Enlarge investment and bring varied investing and financing
channels into being Increase proportion of financial fund investment,
improve investment environment and absorb various social funds,
establish cooperative relationship between banks and enterprises and
increase credit investment, explore financing modes of capital market,
give full play to financial measures resulting from policies, and
provide flower export with credit insurance and credit support.
14.Consummate service and socialized service system Besides scientific
and technological supporting system and marketing network system, lay
stress on consummating organizational management system, give play to
bridge and link role of the Provincial Flower Industry Association in
connecting enterprises with government and market, cultivate
intermediary organizations, including the specialized flower economic
organization with flower farmers as the development subject and
beneficiary, consummate intermediary service function and strengthen
trade service and trade self-discipline, consummate standardized
production and management system, consummate industrialized service
system.
15.Regard talents as the fundamental factor, and strengthen
construction of talent groups in science and technology, production,
operation, and management Harmonize education resources, cultivate
multi-level and high quality talents for flower enterprises in science
and technology, operation, and management, give more and deeper training
on productive technologies to flower industry personnel and flower
farmers, introduce high level flower talents at home and abroad to start
their careers in Yunnan, set up and consummate encouraging mechanism,
encourage talents in various fields to display their abilities,
encourage talents flow, establish talent and expert bank, and carry out
consultation for decision making.
16.Broaden opening up and strengthen international exchange and
cooperation Keep on making use of the present international cooperation
projects and try hard to establish new projects, learn and use for
reference the experience of the advanced countries in developing flower
industry, track and import new varieties, advanced technologies and
management experience and put them under satisfactory digestion,
assimilation, and innovation, seize the opportunity that flower
production begins to transfer from the developed countries to the
developing countries to enlarge the scale of foreign investment under
use and increase proportion of the foreign-investment enterprises, go
abroad to actively participate in various international flower
exhibitions and forums and publicize Yunnan’s flower products and
enterprises, encourage qualified enterprises to set up entities and
enter markets in foreign countries, strengthen intellectual introduction
and the work of dispatching the relevant personnel to visit and study in
foreign countries. --------------
By Leading Team of Development Planning for Yunnan
Provincial Flower Industry December 5, 2003
|